处理L-苯丙氨酸发酵液污染膜的化学清洗研究

对处理发酵液后污染严重的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维膜进行了化学清洗研究。实验中,通过电镜与红外定性分析了污染物成分,并确定了氧化剂高锰酸钾的使用条件,比较了氧化清洗的加酸前后及还原前后的清洗效果,并对清洗后的中空纤维膜进行了一系列的性能测试。最后进行了双向流工艺的在线中试研究。     

聚乙烯醇水溶纤维在非木材纤维抄纸中的应用

PVA纤维耐热水性差,这在纺织工业上是明显的缺陷,但这个特性近年来在造纸工业上被大量应用。针对我国造纸工业非木材纤维用量多的特点,对水溶性PVA纤维在100%非木材纤维抄纸中的应用作了一些尝试,采用在苇浆和麦草浆中添加PVA纤维作手抄纸的试验方法,通过添加量的变化,得到PVA纤维在不同的添加量下对成纸基本物理性能产生影响的一些数据,并对在纸机上实际应用需考虑的问题谈了一点看法。     

利用Sirofil技术开发羊绒混纺闪色纱

文章从原料选择、纺纱流程、工艺参数、关键措施等方面探讨了如何利用羊绒、阳离子改性涤纶和三角截面涤纶生产Sirofil闪色纱,该纱由于具有独特的色光效果,因而具有广阔的发展前景和可观的经济效益.     

牛奶/大豆蛋白纤维混纺织物的染整工艺

介绍了牛奶／大豆蛋白纤维的特点及染整工艺。小样试验中，测试了强碱、pH值对织物的影响，比较了酶退浆、低碱煮练剂DKB退浆、Na2CO3退浆的退浆效果；探讨了双氧水漂白中温度、H2O2浓度、还原剂漂洗等工艺参数；列举了牛奶／大豆蛋白纤维大样试验的工艺流程和具体工艺参数，包括烧毛、漂白、定形、染色和特种整理（抗皱、柔软）等工序。     

复合膳食纤维在面包中的应用

将小麦膳食纤维、大豆膳食纤维复合应用于面包中,研究大豆膳食纤维与小麦膳食纤维比例、加水量、发酵时间、加糖量对膳食纤维面包体积、表皮色泽、纹理结构等面包综合品质的影响。采用正交试验和感官评定的方法,对影响复合膳食纤维面包品质的主要因素进行分析,确定了复合膳食纤维面包的最佳工艺及配方:大豆膳食纤维与小麦膳食纤维比例为1∶4时,加水量为52%,发酵时间为75 min,加糖量为6%。     

天然纤维床垫的抗菌防螨性能

为研究天然纤维床垫的抗菌防螨性能,对棕纤维床垫、纯黄麻床垫及黄麻艾叶混合床垫进行扫描电镜、红外光谱、压缩性、透气透湿性、抗菌防螨等性能测试,并对测试结果进行了比较。从床垫结构和化学物质作用两方面分析了抗菌性和防螨性的机理。结果表明,在几种床垫中棕纤维床垫具有最优的透气透湿性能,纯黄麻床垫对大肠杆菌的抑菌率达到80％,驱螨率达到98％,均达到国标标准的要求,具有优异的抗菌防螨性能。     

Novel sericin‐fixing agent containing rare‐earth ion for weighting silk fiber

Silk fibers were weighted with different weight gain rate by using a novel sericin‐fixing agent containing rare‐earth ion. Laser Raman spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and amino acid analysis were studied to characterize the structures of weighted fibers. Laser Raman spectra verified that the content of the highly oriented β‐sheet conformation decreased in the weighted fibers. Amino acid analyses showed that the content of polar amino acid increased with the increase in weight gain rate. SEM analyses showed that the sericin was successfully fixed on the surface of the fibroin. Moreover, the mechanical and dyeing properties of the weighted fibers were also investigated. The results indicate that there was no significant difference in breaking strength and elongation between the weighted fibers and the control; the equilibrium moisture content and the color strength value (K/S) of the weighted fibers increased with increasing weight gain rate.     

小麦剥皮麸制取膳食纤维的研究

以小麦剥皮麸为原料,对其进行基本成分测定,并选取40～100目的剥皮麸,利用双酶分步法制备膳食纤维。通过正交实验得出制取膳食纤维的最佳酶反应条件为：α-淀粉酶用量为25 U/g剥皮麸,酶解温度为60℃,酶解时间为45 min;中性蛋白酶的用量为1 200 U/g剥皮麸,温度为50℃,时间为45 min。在此条件下,最终测得不溶性膳食纤维的含量为89.28%。     

Improving the flame retardancy of PET fiber by constructing the carbon microspheres based melamine polyphosphate powder

Abstract

Carbon microspheres (CMSs) as carbon source, melamine phosphate (MP) as acid source and gas source, the integrated CMSs based MP composites (SiMP-CMSs) was in-situ prepared to improve the flame retardancy of PET fiber. A series of SiMP-CMSs/PET fiber were prepared by the melt spinning method. By investigating the thermal stability, flame retardancy, flame-retardant mode, crystallization and orientation degree of PET composite fiber, the results showed that, with the addition of 0.9?wt% SiMP-CMSs, the LOI value and vertical combustion grade of SiMP-CMSs/PET composite fiber was 27.4% and B1 level. The main flame-retardant mode of SiMP-CMSs/PET fiber was 31.33% physical barrier, 36.04% flame inhibition and 11.12% catalytic charring. The thermal decomposition temperature was delayed, and the residual amount increased from 11.34% to 16.13%. With the accelerated crystallization rate and the increased grain orientation, the aggregated structure of SiMP-CMSs/PET fiber was also optimized.     

新型抗静电过滤布的开发

在对比其他抗静电方法的基础上,采用涤纶和锦纶交织交并工艺,利用两种纤维摩擦带电性能不同可以实现静电中和的特点,设计开发了适宜石油工业应用的一种新型抗静电过滤布。依照标准GB/T12703-1991对所开发的样品进行了检验,其摩擦带电量为0.46μC/m2,远远小于要求的7μC/m2的标准,抗静电效果较好。